Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Marvin A Sackner
University of Miami, USA
Keynote: Travel the pathway of shear stress to wellness
Time : 10:30-11:10
Biography:
Marvin Sackner, M.D. Honorary M.D. University of Zurich, was born in 1932, educated at Jefferson Medical College from 1953-1957, trained in Medicine and Cardiology at Philadelphia General Hospital until 1961 and was a research fellow in Physiology at University of Pennsylvania from 1961-1964. He has been in Miami ever since as Chief of Pulmonary Diseases and Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center as well as Professor of Medicine, University of Miami. He was President of the American Thoracic Society and Chairman, American Subspecialty Board of Pulmonary Disease. He has authored 225 scientific publications and 3 books, and, holds 34 American patents
Abstract:
Contrary to popular belief that good health is achieved by intense exercise to reduce or maintain body weight, light to moderate aerobic exercise is far more important for a healthy life style. During exercise, increased blood flow produces frictional drag on endothelial cells (shear stress) which mechanically deforms them causing release of beneficial mediators into the circulation. Intense exercise masks such benefits owing to large accumulation of tissue-destructive free oxygen radicals. Laminar or steady shear stress is confined to laboratory investigations of endothelial cells and not physiologic relevant. Unidirectional pulsatile shear stress (PSS) has varying magnitudes over the cardiac cycle due to the changing pulse wave. Oscillatory shear stress may occur at vessel bifurcations, is bidirectional and pro-atherosclerotic. Increased PSS is achieved from increased pulse frequency during running or jogging with added pulses from feet-striking the ground. In humans, PSS can be non-invasively induced by a) external counter-pulsation, b) whole body periodic acceleration and c) simulated jogging while seated by passively and rapidly tapping the soles placed on motorized pedals against a rigid surface (Non-FDA regulated Wellness Product). Mediators produced by increased PSS include nitric oxide, prostacyclin, SIRT1, and tPA with the following properties: 1) anti-atherosclerotic, 2) anti-thrombotic, 3) vasodilator, 4) anti-oxidant, 5) anti-inflammatory, 6) minimization I/R injury, 7) anti-diabetogenic, 8) reverse ventricular remodeling, 9) increased coronary and brain blood flow, 10) mobilization EPCs, 11) reversal endothelial dysfunction, 12) anti-ageing, 13) increased brain neurotrophic factors. Aided PSS promotes wellness in disabled individuals and those 80% of Americans unwilling to exercise
Keynote Forum
John Tomer
Manhattan College, USA
Keynote: Stemming the tide of obesity: What needs to happen
Time : 11:30-12:10
Biography:
John Tomer is Emeritus Professor of Economics at Manhattan College. He was born in 1942 and grew up in New Jersey. He has a PhD in Economics (1973) from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. He is a Founder and Past President of the Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics. His research areas are behavioral economics and human capital. He has written four books and 50 articles. His recent research integrates human capital with human development
Abstract:
This chapter argues for societal and policy efforts that would be necessary to resolve the social problem of obesity. Because of the large scale of the problem, the chapter explains about why a social movement is necessary and the kinds of comprehensive government efforts necessary to eliminate or drastically reduce obesity. The purpose is not to develop a specific anti-obesity policy plans. Th e purpose is to explain about the causes of obesity and to outline efforts that need to happen to fix the obesity problem. Th e efforts needed include those of communities, grass-roots groups, individuals, governments and food businesses. The needed eff orts taken as a whole constitute a socio-economic transformation that involves reversing the obesity-related negative behavior patterns
- Track 2: Obesity and Health Complications
Track 7: Weightloss and Fitness in Women
Track 9: Traditional and Conventional Weight Loss Therapies
Location: Liberty-4
Chair
Adarsh K Gupta
University of Rowan, USA
Co-Chair
Suman Ahuja
Lincoln University, USA
Session Introduction
Lixin Li
University of Central Michigan, USA
Title: Liraglutide protects high fat high sucrose diet induced obesity through elevation of energy expenditure
Time : 12:10-12:40
Biography:
Lixin Li received her Medical Degree in 1989 and obtained her PhD degree in 2002. Dr. Li did her Postdoctoral training in the department of Physiology at University of Toronto. She is the assistant professor in physician assistant program at Central Michigan University. Her research interests have been focused on the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with a specific focus on β-cell dysfunction as well as the molecular mechanism of obesity associated insulin resistance. Her major research interest also include the proglucagon-derived peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its role in regulating growth and function of the beta-cell. Her current research is studying the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of GLP-1 included in weight loss
Abstract:
Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Glucagon like peptide -1 (GLP-1) is synthesized by the L cells of ileal mucosa and is released after nutrients ingestion. GLP-1 potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion. Liraglutide, a full agonist of the GLP-1 receptor, has long-lasting. Although research has found the protective effect of GLP-1 agonist on weight gain in type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms is not clear. Brown adipose tissue plays a major role in the control of energy balance in rodents, whether GLP-1 activate the brown fat activity or differentiation has not been studied. In this study, we examine the potential protective effect of liraglutide on high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet induced obesity. Four groups of mice were fed with regular chow or HFHS diet, liraglutide (100µg /kg) or vehicle (PBS) were injected daily for five weeks. The mice body weight increased by 12% in chow diet group and increased by 32.9% in HFHS diet group after 5 weeks. Liraglutide significantly attenuate the weight gain in both chow diet (increased by 8%) and HFHS diet (increased by 16% ), which is associated with significantly reduced epididymal fat mass. Reduce food intake was observed in liraglutide treated mice comparing with control groups, however, liraglutide fail to suppress food consumption after three weeks’ treatment. Liraglutide increased the mRNA level of brown fat specific genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPAR-ϒ (PPAR-γ), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), and cell death activator-a (Cidea) in skeletal muscle tissue from HFHS diet fed mice. These data indicate that protective effects of liraglutide on diet induced obesity may act through multiple mechanisms, including suppressing appetite, and increasing energy expenditure. Liraglutide is a potential therapy for obesity and obesity related metabolic disorders
Adarsh K Gupta
University of Rowan, USA
Title: Challenges in caring for obese patients
Time : 12:40-13:10
Biography:
Adarsh K Gupta, is a speaker, consultant and author who specialize in medical weight loss and metabolic disorders. He is Center Director of Medical Weight Loss and Metabolic Control that focuses on improving metabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and functional disorders (severe arthritis, sleep apnea, knee pain, etc.) with weight management. In addition, he is an associate professor of family medicine at the Rowan University. Dr. Gupta has presented locally, regionally and nationally on the topics related to Obesity, Weight Management and Integration of Technology in Medicine
Abstract:
Negative attitudes toward obese persons are pervasive in North American society. Numerous studies have documented harmful weight based stereotypes that overweight and obese individuals are lazy, weak-willed, unsuccessful, unintelligent, lack self-discipline, have poor willpower, and are noncompliant with weight-loss treatment. These stereotypes give way to stigma, prejudice, and discrimination against obese persons in multiple domains of living, including the workplace and health care facilities. Weight bias can take multiple forms in health care settings, and can exist in both subtle and overt ways, e.g. provider attitudes, medical equipment limitations, weighing procedures and office environment. Weight bias leads to negative psychological, social, economic, and physical health consequences for obese individuals, and can also have an impact on health care utilization. To optimize obesity prevention and intervention efforts, these assumptions must be addressed within the sphere of public health, with recognition of the harmful impact of weight stigma on quality of life and the need to eliminate stigma from current and future public health approaches to the obesity epidemic
Suman Ahuja
University of Lincoln, USA
Title: Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and exercise on biomarkers association with cardiovascular diseases
Biography:
Suman Ahuja has completed a PhD in Clinical/Medical nutrition with an emphasis on obesity treatment and prevention. Presently, she is designing an obesity and cardiovascular treatment and prevention laboratory in Jefferson City, MO. She has published several peer reviewed articles in scientific journals in addition to popular global websites like yahoo health. She is also the recipient of several grants from entities such as the USDA. Her primary work involves treatment and prevention of obesity in addition to investigation biomarkers such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and cortisol. She has collaborated with faculty across the globe on several clinical projects
Abstract:
Introduction: Obesity and its associated health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and diabetes are the biggest public health concerns today. A balanced diet and regular exercise are vital for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related health issues. Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids appear to lower risk factors for cardio-metabolic disorders. Method: A case-control study was undertaken to provide community residents with nutrition and exercise counseling. Blood samples to assess lipid profiles, comprehensive diet history, physical activity level, and anthropometric data were obtained to study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and exercise on risk factors associated with cardio-metabolic risk markers. Paired-sample t-test was used to test the significance of the differences between pre- and post-intervention measures. Results: Significant changes were observed in most of the cardio-metabolic indicators. An average of 1.1 unit decrease in body mass index (BMI) and 1.0 unit in body fat was observed in pre- and post-intervention measures (p<0.001). The intervention also resulted in a statistically significant decline in body weight (mean decrease=7.2 lbs.; p=0.000). An average reduction of 3.9 inches in waist circumference and 2.9 inches in hip circumference demonstrates significant effect of diet and exercise intervention (p<0.000 for both measures). Discussion: One of the most effective ways to reduce cardio-metabolic associated disease risk is to induce weight loss. Diet and exercise counseling are effective tools to promote behavior changes that result in weight loss. These findings strengthen evidence that health professionals can utilize effective non-invasive strategies to reduce chronic disease risk associated with obesity
Brandy E Strahan
University of Florida, USA
Title: Obesity in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Time : 14:40-15:10
Biography:
Brandy Strahan is working on completing her PhD at the University of Florida, College of Nursing and completed her MSN at Florida State University in Nursing Education. She is an assistant professor at the University of West Florida, Department of Nursing, teaching pediatric nursing as well as community and public health nursing. She is a member of Sigma Theta Tau International and has served as treasurer
Abstract:
Adolescents with developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be particularly vulnerable to obesity due to the behavioral, physical, and psychosocial complications related to their condition. This presentation provides a general background related to obesity in adolescence with specific emphasis on obesity in the ASD population. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and ProQuest databases revealed several studies which demonstrated that interventions involving physical activity with typically developing, obese adolescents can have positive effects on body mass index, weight, and body composition. However, these findings also suggest that more research is needed to help tailor these interventions to meet the needs of similar adolescents with ASD. To clarify these needs, we present a case study that illustrates the special challenges of treating an obese adolescent with ASD and then offer suggestions for future research
Sjaak Pouwels
Catharina Hospital, The Netherlands
Title: Aspects of exercise before or after bariatric surgery: A systemic review
Time : 15:10-15:40
Biography:
Sjaak Pouwels, MD, recently finished Medical School (Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands) and is currently working on his PhD thesis called ‘Exercise and physiology in Abdominal and Bariatric surgery’ at the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, the Netherlands. He is currently working in the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven in the Netherlands, at both the general surgery department and the bariatric centre. His main research interests are perioperative physiology and exercise in the broadest way possible
Abstract:
Introduction Bariatric surgery has a considerable effect on weight loss. A positive relation of exercise and weight loss has been described before. Objectives To systematically review the mode of exercise and its timing pre- or postoperative or a combination in the bariatric surgical population. Methods A multi database search was conducted. Identified articles were reviewed on description of exercise, timing around a bariatric intervention and outcome. Methodological quality of the included studies was rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A Cohen’s kappa score assessed the level of agreement. Outcome measurements were improvement of anthropometric and physical fitness variables, operation related complications, weight regain and quality of life. Results A total of eight prospective studies were included. Four focussed on training before and four on training after a bariatric procedure. Details of exercises varied from 45 minutes treadmill up to full descriptive programs. Supervision was frequently included. Significant improvement was encountered for biometric results physical fitness variables. Conclusion In the majority of reports on exercising in a (future) bariatric population, a positive effect on anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness was described. However, the results were not unanimous, with a wide range of exercise programs and peri-operative timing and therefore hampering adequate practical guidance
Alper Celik
Turkish Metabolic Surgery Foundation, Turkey
Title: Metabolic surgery and functional restriction
Time : 15:40-16:10
Biography:
Alper Celik graduated from Ankara University School of Medicine in 1999 and started his training in the field of General Surgery in 2000. Following the invitation of Professor Fumio Konishi, he worked as a clinical and research fellow at Saitama Medical Center of Jichi Medical University during 2007 in Japan. He also worked with Dr Ricardo Cohen and Dr Louis Berti in Brazil and Dr Muffazal Lakdawala and Dr Suren Ugale in India. What shaped his career in the field of Metabolic Surgery was the BPD (Biliopancreatic Diversion) technique training he received in Italy from Nicola Scopinaro. He set up Metabolic Surgery Clinic in 2011. He received Surgeon of Excellence in 2013 by Surgical Review Corporation. He is the Founder and President of both Turkish Metabolic Surgery Foundation and Metabolic Surgery Association
Abstract:
Metabolic Syndrome threat and two of its most important components, obesity and type-2 diabetes have escalated in prevalence into such a magnitude that can only be described as an epidemic. Traditional treatment methods including life style changes, diet, exercise and medication have failed to achieve desired results for an important portion of patients. Currently, the most effective treatment for obesity and type-2 diabetes is surgical procedures. There is no treatment option that can achieve remission for the entire compounds of Metabolic Syndrome with high efficiency. However, it should be known that there are numerous methods used for the surgical treatment of metabolic syndrome and all of these methods have advantages, disadvantages and restrictions of their own. Also, each has their own rate of efficiency. We, as surgeons working in this field should keep our responsibilities in mind. It is not appropriate to end one drug addiction while at the same time creating another one. That is why we should focus on providing ileal proximalization without causing Malabsorption which is a disease itself as outlined by WHO. This attempt will provide a ‘’functional restriction’’ rather than a ‘’Mechanical Restriction’’. Functional restriction means providing metabolic satiety and insulinomimetic effect to the patients by activating ileal hormones. Mechanical restriction aims to decrease the food intake by creating a static obstacle either as a small pouch, a narrow sleeve or an anastomosis. Mechanical restriction is the main point of obesity surgery procedures and that is why and where obesity surgery and metabolic surgery differ. Ileal Transposition and Transit Bipartition are surgical procedures that aim to achieve functional restriction. Briefly, the method focuses on ‘’interposing’’ a segment of ileum after the stomach and therefore maximize distal intestine activity, while at the same time transecting the duodenum to minimize proximal activity. These operations are complex and technically difficult operations which demands serious training and experience. But it is feasible and safe in the hands of well-trained and experienced teams. It should be noted that an excellent clinical order must also be present which includes pre-operative evaluation, post-operative monitorization and long term follow-up
Mona Boaz
University of Ariel, Israel
Title: Macronutrient composition in weight loss diets - a meta- analysis
Time : 16:30-17:00
Biography:
Mona Boaz completed her PhD in Epidemiology at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University. She also holds a MSc in Nutrition and is a Registered Dietitian. She is a full professor at Ariel University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition. Additionally, Prof. Boaz heads the Epidemiology and Research Unit at E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon
Abstract:
Background: Despite their poor long term performance, dietary interventions for weight loss remain the first line treatment for obesity. In addition to energy restriction, some diets emphasize manipulation of macronutrient composition to promote weight loss. Such diets may be broadly classified into low fat and low carbohydrate diets. Objectives: This meta-analysis was designed to compare low fat to low carbohydrate diets in terms of weight loss or maintenance of weight loss. Methods: Studies were included in the present meta-analysis if they were 1) well-designed randomized clinical trials comparing low fat to low carbohydrate diets; 2) included healthy overweight and obese adults; 3) measured body weight as the primary endpoint; 4) were published in 2009 or later. Results: Four studies meeting all inclusion criteria were identified. Together, these studies 1878 subjects, 941 of whom were exposed to low carbohydrate diets and 937 to low fat diets. Two of the studies targeted weight loss as the primary endpoint, and two studies maintenance of weight lost using meal replacement products. Overall compliance was poor and attrition was high across studies. In a random effects model, no significant advantage to either diet strategy could be identified – standardized differnece in means -0.07, 95% CI -0.3-0.4, p=0.7. Conclusions: Manipulation of macronutrient composition of weight loss diets does not appear to be associated with significantly different weight loss outcomes. Both types of macronutrient-centered weight loss diets appear to be associated with poor adherence and high attrition rates. Novel weight loss strategies must be investigated
Hamdy Abdou Asem
Sadat City University, Egypt
Title: A comparative study between players of football and handball in Egyptian national team in Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Time : 17:00-17:30
Biography:
Hamdy Abdou Asem has completed his PhD at 1996 from Helwan University Egypt and postdoctoral from Helwan University Egypt in Physical Education College He Chairman of Sports Health Sciences Department Faculty of Physical Education University of Sadat City Egypt. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute
Abstract:
The change in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) trends of modern research in sports and importance in the field of sports training, and in these areas, the change in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) useful in the assessment of changes associated with nerve own short-term training and long-term in all sports recreational and competitive high-level, as can be used (HRV) in the identification of training overload, and leads regular aerobic training to improve the Heart Rate Variability (HRV).Objectives of the study: Identify the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) to the football players and the handball players Egyptian national teams The study asked: Are different functional duties of players to the football and Handball affect change with the Heart Rate Variability (HRV)? . The study concluded the following results: 1- Heart Rate Variability (HRV) for the Handball players Superiority Compared with the Football (I / E -MV) 2-Handball players in the rear with their length Heavier home better low rate in heart rate represented by the shortage of (MV: Average R-R interval) and ratio ( I-E: Difference Inspirium and Expirium heart rate) 3-Index overall Total Power in favor of the Football players